One, who reported a "super bomb" successful, was shocked, because he suddenly felt himself master of the world. Even when he was vice president, he does not know and do not know the secret weapon, creating a huge destructive spent billions of dollars. The degree of confidentiality, indeed, is very high. U.S. nuclear "Manhattan Project" conducted a deserted place. For the corresponding relatives working at Los Alamos, the letter should be the U.S. Army, PO Box 1663, what is the secret senator, then U.S. Vice-President Truman was not for the Soviet Foreign Intelligence Service, which in 1941 won a secret London meeting, the Committee information about the uranium and immediately began work on the Joint Chiefs of Staff recommended the development of atomic weapons. Foreign intelligence and inform Moscow about the ongoing work in the U.S. "Manhattan Project." November 1941, the center received a telegram to say, a group of U.S. scientists trying to establish "explosive" powerful. Of course, it is about "uranium bomb" originally called atomic weapons. July 1945, the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain are still coming in the Far East ally bloody war against Japan, President Truman you are interested in, Stalin kept his word, for entry into the war. Heads of Government at the Potsdam Conference began in the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain, which discussed the work of the post-war order in Germany on July 17. Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Truman G., coded telegram just received the proposal successfully tested an atomic bomb, Stalin announced the enormous destructive power of U.S. weapons to create. American and British leaders wanted to test the reaction of the Kremlin dictator this message. However, Stalin's response was quite restrained. He thanked Mr. Du Lumen report and the information on them is no comment. His behavior seems very strange, Truman and Churchill believed that Stalin did not understand what had happened. They attempted to put pressure on the Potsdam Conference during the Soviet leaders, and make it more suitable without success.
And Stalin, as witnesses, fully understood. After conversations with Western leaders, he called to Moscow Kurchatov and instructed to accelerate the establishment of a Soviet nuclear weapons. In fact, Stalin knew were that the development of nuclear weapons in the U.S. and the UK to work. Foreign intelligence is constantly understand his etom.I August 1949 when the Soviet Union detonated its own atomic bomb, the United States and Britain, who believe it could happen no earlier than 1955 to 1957 grams, more aware of nuclear weapons, the U.S. monopoly does not exist . Recently, much has been said and written about the foreign intelligence establish the role of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union. For the United States is very clear: these insidious Russian spies to steal atomic bomb secrets just gullible Americans. Some retired intelligence officers, for example, the first Sudoplatov ready to blame in creating such weapons are almost all the credit for foreign intelligence. Of course, they go to extremes. Soviet nuclear weapons scientists to establish labor hero of the Soviet Union, all the people, to create a modern economy under the most difficult conditions. As for foreign intelligence, and its advantage is that it attracts Western attention and timely political leadership to work on the development of radically new weapons being carried out, and continue to keep it informed of developments. Intelligence on the nuclear scientist a "huge" problem of nuclear fission to generate new sources in the main task of the German, UK, USA, France and other countries have become close with similar work carried out in 1939 in the Soviet nuclear scientists engaged Ya Zeer Davidovich, Yu.Haritonom so on. However, the withdrawal of Kazan war interrupted the work and research institutions of our country to build nuclear weapons. However, the danger of nuclear weapons, her physical strength, you need to define reality to create such weapons, not only in Germany but also in other countries of the evidence, the German school. Therefore, foreign intelligence on nuclear weapons issues, which is to undergo surgery later called the letter "huge" following tasks: determining the scope of the actual work involved in the development of atomic weapons in the country to inform the content of the center of these works, through their Undercover access to the necessary scientific and technical information, you can easily create such weapons in the Soviet Union. Early April 1941 the Centre decided to move to the principles of linear foreign intelligence. This means that the KGB officers did not engage in espionage all the problems, and according to their use: political, economic, scientific and technical intelligence. The establishment of the Office of Scientific and Technical Information in the central specialized departments. The delegation Kvasnikov by the Leonid. Soon, foreign intelligence residing in the Scandinavian countries, the United States and England left-oriented, where the task is to make sure that all the information and create problems, "uranium bomb." 1949 г - the structure of foreign intelligence in 1941. August 12, 1941 approved a new structure of the Central Office of the Foreign Intelligence declaration by the order of the NKVD. It includes the following units: Secretariat Manual Intelligence Agency special purpose school group "A", "B" Division X (link) 9 linear division (Central Europe, the Balkans, Western Europe, Scandinavia, Anglo Far East (2), the Middle East, responsible for sovkolonii operation accounting entry and exit visas) ninth division. Scientific and technical information is part of the 5th Anglo-American affairs, as a division of STR. However, due to the challenges facing the expansion of foreign intelligence, in July 1943, the National Defense Committee to discuss the state of intelligence work. It was decided to separate military intelligence (GRU) and the functions and activities of an office of the NKVD. NKVD foreign intelligence was given the role of the parent organization of atomic weapons detection problem. In accordance with decisions of the Conference of the Secretariat, the military intelligence agency NKVD had to go through, "great" project work. NTR branch reorganization of scientific and technical intelligence. Foreign intelligence in 1941-1949, in the Great Patriotic War, the Foreign Intelligence NKVD / NKVD stretch led by Pavel Phytin head. His deputy is Hayk hotel Badalovich Hovakimian, who had worked in the U.S. through scientific and technological revolution. From 1939 to 1942, science and IT departments are mainly Leonid Romanovich Kvasnikov. In 1943 he was assigned to intelligence work in New York, where he worked in military intelligence in science and technology activities, is the Deputy Resident line NTR. Under his leadership, the most important is the nuclear material for military purposes and, as well as aviation, chemical, medical information, and model-making equipment. The direction of scientific and technical intelligence operations of foreign intelligence centers stay focused on the search for the receipt of their project "great" for any information. Telegram arrived Scandinavian countries, living in Berlin since the war began no longer exists. However, the establishment of Nazi Germany in the nuclear energy receives information on the ongoing work of the failure of the magnetic field from the neutral territory of Sweden. In the United States, New York resident Paul Pastelnyak response is sent to the central telegraph November 24, 1941 which stated, in London, Professor Yuri leave request, Prague and Fowler working in a huge explosive. And other information have been received during the period of residence in the U.S. foreign intelligence. Despite the war operations in the United States a significant number of operatives, science and IT NKVD ready to pay attention mainly technical documentation and examples of weapons and military equipment. Secret mission to get the atomic bomb did not stand out among the priorities of foreign intelligence. And who would think to engage in some theoretical problems, when Hitler's army was ready to be thrown in Moscow last moment. On the agenda are other more priority to strengthen our national defense. But in December of that year, the White House decided to allocate a lot of money to build nuclear weapons. By this time, American scientists L. Szilard, Einstein, Oppenheimer and others have accumulated a lot about creating a new weapon of the real possibility of data. Living in the United States until the NKVD did not know about it. London living is relatively lucky. Back in September 1941, she managed to acquire the real England created the first reliable material for nuclear weapons ideas. Foreign intelligence officers Donald McLean received written evidence, the British government is seriously considering creating a bomb incredible destructive power, based on the impact of atomic energy issues. September 16, 1941 from McLean According to the British Government to consider setting up a special report on information received uranium bomb within two years. Meanwhile, it was reported in the summer of the same year, uranium committee meeting to discuss the reality of the atomic bomb, the work of the Staff Committee chiefs session immediately began to recommend in this area. In order to set up a special department under the guidance of the name is "heads, alloy pipe" work. British physicist research work in the field of nuclear energy, the Special Committee of scientists led by renowned physicist Thompson. However, the information resulting from the London station distrust L. Beria, who believe that the "enemy" slippery rumors, forcing the Soviet Union into a dangerous war terrible cost, thus weakening their defenses. "Huge" This project "great" after the first news of scientific and technical information before reporting to work in London, England station there is a problem to acquire information sources directly examine this issue. In the end of 1941, the information received from London, the United States and Britain agreed to coordinate their efforts of scientists in the field of nuclear energy. Later, June 20, 1942, held talks in Washington, Churchill and Roosevelt decided to keep England in the German air bombardment of building nuclear facilities in the United States. In February 1942, the Soviet frontline scouts captured as a German officer in the portfolio have found a notebook to record obscure "language." This book was sent to the People's Commissar of Defense, and then - Director of Treasury science. The results showed that, in talking about the Nazi use of nuclear energy for military purposes plans. About the "great" message, March 1942 report from the London residence of Stalin special report form. About the reality of atomic weapons, and provided in the form of Treasury bills Scientific Advisory Committee to the scientific and technical coordination of the activities of the intelligence reports. On the basis of the memorandum, the report D McLean said: "In some capitalist countries with nuclear fission in the ongoing work to produce a new energy was launched to study the use of nuclear energy uranium for military purposes .. Issue English ... War Cabinet, in view of the likelihood of successful resolution of this issue in Germany, focusing on the use of uranium atomic energy for military purposes ...... Given the importance and urgency of uranium-235 Soviet atomic energy for military purposes actual problem applications will be appropriate: (1) consider the establishment of a scientific advisory bodies and nuclear uranium regions of the Soviet Union all scientists, research institutions, the problem of the Soviet Union under the coordination of the National Defense Research Committee of Eminent Persons government in 1942 ...... Working in the same decision, a special laboratory nitrogen (Moscow Physics Laboratory), the Soviet Union and the Delegation consists of four Kurchatov, who worked in nuclear power. Dec. 22, 1942 from London to Moscow to preparation A detailed report "huge" in residence certificates, which are both in the UK and the United States from these documents show that Americans are far ahead of the development of Britain's atomic bomb in the United States developed the "Manhattan Project" to live in spite of the direction center was sent to the United States in 1941, to achieve the scientists and experts in the field, "huge" failure of development effectiveness permanent residence, which is a fact that scientists around the country, engineers, technicians and workers to create a U.S. intelligence are concentrated in the Los Alamos National Laboratory, confidential solid wall, which is difficult to overcome explanation. May 27, 1943, Moscow sent to the "great" work again in the U.S. position, noted as the object of penetration, should be considered: Group Professor Compton, who led the National Defense Research Committee of Columbia University, the entire project, especially Professor Deng Ning and Yuri Chicago group California Corporation, "Kellogg" This post has been delivered in London. residence on the basis of information received. November 1943 from Moscow to New York, on behalf of the residents of an experienced Riza Rubin Basil directional orientation, which has been reported in the United States work, "huge" left some leading Scientists from the United Kingdom, including Klaus Fuchs, a German immigrant, a member of the German Communist Party. Previously, Birmingham University, where he engaged in the field of neutron research, were recruited intelligence GRU. in his work with the military intelligence, Fox has worked hard from the desire to develop nuclear weapons in Nazi Germany with us who gave raschepleniyu Soviet nuclear bomb on a series of calculations and these materials are highly appreciated Commissioner scientific Treasury K. Fuchs in 1941 .. - 1943 total. 7, to obtain very valuable material in cooperation with the Fox Center recommends using courier agent, and in contact with scouts and he did not enter. February 5, 1944 in New York, met with agents and courier Harry Gold K.Fuksom, and February 25, he gave copies of his theory works. "huge. "In the United States K.Fuksa his tour of foreign intelligence work led Semyon Semyonov, then Anatoly Yatskov, as a scientist, of course, I do not know. June 15, 1944 before he left England, worked with Express Agent K.Fuksom last meeting in the United States. Subsequently, since no proxy at a meeting with K.Fuksom American Express connection is lost. agents trying to access Fox in his apartment, but was told that he went to England. reason , absenteeism agents to meet Fox explain. cross-check the information received courier agent decides to visit his sister K.Fuksa in Massachusetts, where it is understood that she and her husband left the heavy workload at work until September 20 from neighbors also learned that before leaving for England K.Fuks his sister goodbye to the agent. Subsequently, the management of the FBI received information on the basis of "computing" K.Fuksa, which neighbor discovery his sister, and gave his Russian counter-espionage in the summer of 1944 brought the Soviet Consulate General of the package to an unknown address for AA Ambassador Gromyko. autopsy found that top-secret project material "huge." Installation of residence unknown failure. center, these materials have been assessed as "very interesting", but what living rebuke, she did not take measures to establish contact with this person. 11 November 1944 received a residency Source "Perseus" in Santa Fe The "base camp - 2" of reports and lists of staff "huge. "About" huge "important documents to get a young, but through science and IT A.Feklisovu has priobrevshemu good operating experience., As he in his book" In the oceans and islands, "the summer of 1942 saw He walked chemical engineer PNLastochkin Procurement Committee, which works to his acquaintance with the group, "the head of the Consulate General of Monty wrote." This band is the construction of chemical plants in the U.S. and abroad, including in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where U-235 is to develop a pilot plant from "Monty" to get a detailed description, which annexed the construction plans of production facilities for the production of uranium-235. extracted material A.Feklisovym, was praised center. U.S. residence "huge" Although the station has regular "huge" foreign intelligence material received in New York, in fact, successfully received a positive evaluation of the center, but until November 1944 This work is sporadic. Unlike London station, trying to establish uninterrupted receipt of the written material on the nuclear issue, the United States, the Soviet intelligence failure to implement the mandate of the center, however, in September 1944 A. Feklisov made with U.S. citizens, who sympathize with the struggle of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, the contact of. had Her husband at the factory, which is entrusted with the cooperation of Santa Fe "huge. "In December 1944 it succeeded in attracting foreign intelligence cooperation with the Soviet Union, on ideological grounds, and further establish receives ongoing development of atomic weapons at Los Alamos National Laboratory, the material was held in 1945 bring science and IT department staff satisfaction in the United States. they managed to get a "huge" several sources, and to ensure regular supply documentation center, which allows Moscow aware of all the works in the United States to create a "super- Bomb. "in February 1945, through scientific IT L. Kvasnikov the Deputy Resident of course notify the center line of intelligent network residency STDs" is basically very useful, and at the highest level of their technical expertise, most of the agents We work with selfish motives, but the friendly relations between the foundations of our nation. "the creation of nuclear weapons in the United States in early June 1945 to try to reconnect with residency Klaus Fuchs, which is detailed in the documentation for the device from the atomic bomb. K. Fox told the courier agency, and through him to the Soviet intelligence about the upcoming July 10, 1945 the first test of the atomic bomb, so when July 24, 1945, Truman told Stalin about the establishment of the great destructive power and intends to apply for the Japan-US new weapons, Stalin showed no emotion he has, which, of course, is the big success of the necessary information to the Soviet foreign intelligence information from the United States, but in spite of Stalin, Truman warned of Hiroshima and Nagasaki impending bombing of living can not get advance information on this issue. about the bombing, she learned not from their agents, and from General Marshall's press conference on August 7, 1945 the Foreign Intelligence General Phytin Paul Vsevolod 梅尔库洛夫 supervisor wrote to "the practical application of the U.S. atomic bomb ... to open a new era of science and technology, and certainly involves the rapid development of the whole question of" great "in a report .. .... All of this makes "huge" leadership position in our intelligence work, and asked to take immediate measures to strengthen IT. "September 19, 1945 G.Gold met again K.Fuksom. Scientists Association in addition to a copy of the technical data of the atomic bomb K.Fuks prepared to Los Alamos National Laboratory memorandum to the U.S. government scientists anxiously talk about atomic weapons "weapons of war sverhrazrushitelnom" adhere to the establishment of an international organization to control the need for nuclear energy and other countries were invited to the secret negotiations with the preparation of its use. memorandum scientists emphasize that in the coming years, and other countries will produce atomic weapons, and They compete in this regard will be given the most disastrous consequences. usual, they are right, but the U.S. government to get their hands huge "club" is not going to share a secret with anyone, even in the UK, Despite previous agreements in this regard. fault K.Fuksa meetings with courier agent K.Fuksom in the United States is sporadic until the fall of 1946, the foreign intelligence and that he did not contact the "great" in London returned after a valuable source of information In September 1947 arrived in London through science and IT Deputy Resident A.Feklisov, responsible reconnect with K.Fuksom. Meanwhile end A.Feklisovu try to restore contact with scientists, get information about the UK and the U.S. and UK nuclear scientists in a "huge", and now, he is from his message. residence concluded the upcoming meeting of the Working America believes that the British authorities still believe K.Fuksu, despite its communist past. At the same meeting K . Fuks A.Feklisovu explains the hydrogen bomb, it can work in principle the University of Chicago and Feimitaile. K.Fuks attended the meeting of the American and British scientists in November 1947 to collect a variety of bombs, including hydrogen, which is On his return to London A.Feklisovu by designing valuable information did not seem to foresee such a valuable source of information failure "huge. "However, in April 1948, the Center received information about the source of failure to attract foreign intelligence K.Fuksa cooperation. Similarly, until the position K.Fuksa is normal. July 1947 he went with A.Feklisovym, reports the UK work to build a nuclear reactor in the next meeting, but the clouds gathered in K.Fuksom gradually. 1946, in connection with foreign intelligence residing in the United States and Igor Gouzenko betrayal in the USA and Canada as a source of intelligence activities was interrupted. FBI arrest Americans who assisted Soviet foreign intelligence. February 1950 g.byl arrested G.Gold, he remained in contact with K.Fuksom U.S. travel in the same year the London residential center on February 3 informed about the arrest K.Fuksa prosecute "enemy firing" Information newspaper reported a "huge. "This information is reported directly to Stalin. Analyzed the cause of the malfunction K.Fuksa, center staff and L.Kvasnikov A.Raina come, it is related to the conclusion of his stay in the United States. Later it was found that after the explosion, August 29, 1949, the Soviet atomic bomb FBI began an intensive search of those involved in leaking nuclear secrets. K.Fuksa courier Harry Gold was again summoned for questioning, although he denied that his acquaintance with K.Fuksom, do A secret FBI searched his apartment, where agents discovered the plan g.Santa iron, which is marked with a pencil venue Gorda Fox. using irrefutable evidence to the next inquiry, the FBI was forced to admit H. Gold, contact and cooperation with the Soviet intelligence K.Fuksom. FBI Director E.Guver report leaked to the source of President Truman's atomic bomb secrets British scientist Klaus Fuchs, who he went to the United States through secret documents to the Soviet Union spies "huge. "These data are transferred to the British Secret Service, Military Intelligence. September 1949, British Prime Minister Clement Attlee instructions began to question scientists, rather than pushing him to work at Harwell. Bet colleagues K . Fuksa his psychological impact. Such calculations are correct and as a serious moral and psychological state, and recognizing that Harry Gold issued it K.Fuks confirmed its cooperation with the Soviet foreign intelligence service, in fact, confidential transfer material "huge. "Written statement after February 2, 1950, he was arrested. March 1, 1950 at the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey trial was held K.Fuksom. In their final statement K.Fuks plea court sentenced him to 14 years in prison. After interrogation K.Fuksom E. Hoover Commission on Atomic Energy Congress required the full text of the confession submitted by Fox After careful analysis, the Committee concluded that it gave the Soviet Union is not only the result of scientific research, but also for the actual creation of uranium and plutonium For more information on the bomb, according to U.S. scientists, information K.Fuksa help the Soviet Union to reduce from three to ten years ahead of the U.S. and hydrogen weapons, period atomic weapons. foreign intelligence foreign intelligence in the development of nuclear weapons, the role is not attributed to the themselves, however, it is recognized the leading role in China's development of nuclear weapons in this role in our scientists. "huge" and tested in 1943, was the only large-scale work carried out prior to 1945, scientific and technical intelligence, the United States first an atomic bomb, foreign intelligence received thousands of pages of confidential documents. prominent Soviet atomic scientist I.Kurchatov its guidance exploitation "great" again to give them high otsenku.Tak, imprisoned transmit material (Note) 1/3 / 22500 December 25, 1944, he wrote that foreign intelligence material: "A very rich. And respect for different theoretical guidance material it contains important information ...... "In March 1945 I. Kurchatov, enjoy another bomb material, wisdom generated, said:" This It kind of material is very interested in the development of us. Methods and solutions are possible, who still has not been considered. "In the handwritten note from December 31, 1946 to the Minister of National Security V. Kurchatov notes Abakumov a" material and I introduced today, on Vasilevsky: B American work on super bomb a)) Some features in the Hanford nuclear reactor, in my opinion, is reasonable and there is a lot of interest for our domestic business. "Foreign intelligence not only attracted the attention of the national leadership to create nuclear weapons issues in the West, in order to initiate a similar work in our country due to the foreign intelligence information, according to the academician A: Aleksandrov, Yu.Haritona and others Like I.Kurchatov we managed to avoid the deadlock in the direction of the development of nuclear weapons, to establish a shorter time bomb in the Soviet Union, in just three turnovers years, while the United States spent four years of its creation five billions of dollars in costs As advised dated December 8, 1992 to accept the "Izvestia" Academician Yu.Hariton, the first Soviet atomic charges on the use of information K.Fuksa obtained from the American model. According to academician, when participants were given Government incentives Soviet atomic bomb project, Stalin, satisfied the U.S. monopoly in this field is not present, said: "If we missed a half years old, it may try this charge in itself. "